Automatic substation



April 28, 1925 1,535,623

c. MCL. Moss ET AL AUTOMATI C SUBSTATION briginal' il ly 10. 1918WITNESSES: a INVENTOR Raga-[M71 516 Wink ATTORNEY Patented Apr. 28,1925.

UNITED STATES cinemas ML. Mo'ss, or rrr rsnunon, AND nor .1.WERSLEY',IOF nixmwoonaranx,

rnmrsnvnm-assmnons T wns'rmsnouse ELECTRIC column, s conromnou orrmsYLvanm 1,535,623 PATENT-OFFICE.

AND muracru'nnrq AUTOMATIC SUBSTATION.

A lication am Jul 10, 1918,8crial in. 244,233. Renewed amine; 1a,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, Cmnns McL. Moss,

a citizen of the Unit'edState's, anda resident of Pittsburgh, in thecounty of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, and Ro'Y J. Wmrsnnr, acitizen i of the --United States,

and a resident .of Edgewood Park, in the.

county of-Alleghehy and State of Pennsylvania,have invented a new and'useful "Improvement in Automatic Substations, of which the following isa specification;

Our invention relates to automatic substations and trolling the 0 on ofautomatic substations for electric-railway systems.

.One obje'ct'of our invention is to rovide means responsive to theposition of t e load on the railway system for automatically startingthe converting devices of the substation.

Another object of our invention is-to provide a Wheatstone-bridge devicefor controllin the o ration of a. converting device.

g furt er ob'ect of our invention is to rovide a controlli device, ofthe above inicated character, t at shall besimple and inexpensive toconstruct and eflective -in its operation. p Y

In practicing our invention, we provide an electric-railway trolleycircuit the impedance of portions of which constitutes one arm of aWheatstone bri e. The unbalancing of the bridge is adapte to control theoperation of a converting device; Since the position of an electriclocomotive with respect to the trolley circuit determines the impedanceof the circuit, the devicentay be adapted to be so responsive that theconverting evice may .be started only when the locomotive is iniliec-ircuit l when a locomotiveii enters the the. zone or section thatis to be supplied with energy from the substation.

The single figure of the accompanying iirawin is a die amrnatic 'view ofan electric-mi way trol eycircuit embodying our inrcn'iion. 4 a

'A. direct-current trolley circuit 1 is adapted to be supplied' withenergy from an alternating-current source 2 of ener through substations3 and 26. That is, t ie converting device 4 of the substation 3'isadapted .0 he so controlled by alvheatstcne bridge 6 that it isautomatically started and connected between 'the source 2 of energyandpa icplarly to means for consition of the locomotive 5, i 't section ofthe. circuit 1 that is to siipp li ed with may from the substation ,3.Iiiothe'r. words, the station 3 is operated'wlfen' a "ear is between areactor 14 and areactoi '27fa'iid the station 26 is operative whena eistetween the reactor 28 and therirctbi-il" The Wheatstone bridge IGears resistors 7- and 8, a reactor9, aj re 10 and a transformer 11 foroperativelycon'li' lit" the bridge to the source 2 "of sis-ma i currentelectromotive' force. a 7 and 8 and the reactor 9 arms of the bridge,the' fourthlarni of wliibh is the impedance between thqpointsi lfand 13of the circuit, 1. In other 'wordsithe' pj'dt t'o' the 7 points 12 and13, determinesthefiinpdance of one arm of the bridge'ti. ordertoj'ensure correct operation of the bi'i'dgefa i eactor 14 is connectedin the circuit '1 andthe bridge is supplied with voltage 'l.l- 1ternatini-current source of electromotive' force. lso, in order-thatthe'o ration-of the device shall not be impaired season of thecirculation of directcurrent hitlie circuit 1, a condenser 25 isconiicted 'inioir- Q cuit with the reactor'9. The relay is?c'on-""nected across thepoints 15 ahdilfi-bj'th'e bridge, and its contactmembers 17'constitute the separable terminals-of a circuit 18icomprisingan' actuatingelectromagnet lfiand a 85 source 20 of electromotive foromReectors ma -b'e"substitu'ted for the resistors? and- 8 witliputaffecting the operation-of thebridge. -"The converting device 14comprisesan alternating-current motor 21 that is 'direotly connected toa direct-current neratorf 22. The motor 21 is connected, t rough acircuit-interrupter 23 and a transformer 24, to the main generator 2,and the neratol 22 is connected to the circuit 1. e el'e'c- 96 tromagnet19 is adapted to'actu'ate the circult-interrupter 23 to thereby connectthe motor 21 to the generator 2. under predetel-mined conditions.

- The Wheatstone bridge 6 'is so arranged that, when the'iinpedanceacross the points 12 and 13 is reduced'to a predetermined value byreasonof the locomotive 5-being between the reactors 14 and 27,theloontactmembers 17 of-the relay 10 will-be engaged. Whenthe contactmembers- 17 are engaged, the 'elect-romagne't- 19 will operate tooperatively connect the motor 2l $o the generator 2 and thus cause thegenerator 22 to supply energyto the circuit 1. When the locomotive .5moves to a remote position, as shown between the reactors 14 and 28, itis supplied with energy from the substation 26. The

impedance between the points 12 and 13 will be so increased that the-contact'members 17 will be disengaged and thereby permit thecircuit-interrupter 23 to ,be opened and the motor 21 to be disconnectedfrom the generator 2. With our invention, the

is outside the section connected to the respective bridges. The bridges.are balanced during the time when the locomotive -of means responsivechan is vin the sections connected thereto and thus the relays '10 whichare so adjusted that their contact members are engaged when the bridgesare balanced so energize the operating electromagnets 19 as to close theinterrupters. The station '26 is provided with a motor generator set andwith a bridge 6 similar (2) that of station 3.

; It will be understood that the motor 21 may be started by. the use ofan of the means well known in automatic su stations and the generator 22may be similarly controlled without departing from the spirit and scopeof the invention, as set forth in the appended claims.

Weclaim as our invention Y 1. Inan electrical system, the combinationwith a main circuit, a direct-current trolley circuit and a transformingdevice, to the impedance of the trolley circuit for operativelyconnecting the transforming device between the main and the trolleycircuits.

2. In an electrical system, the combination with a main circuit, adirect-curreit distributing circuit and a converting devi of meansresponsive to a change in impedance in the distributing circuit foroperatively connecting the converting devicebetween the said circuits.

3. In an electrical system, the combination with an alternating-currentmain circuit, a direct-current load circuit and a converting device,

in resistance of the direct-current circuit for operatively connectingthe convcrt-ing device between the said circuits.

4-. In an electrical system, the combination with an alternating-currentmain circuit 'a diret-current load circuit and a convertmg. device, of aWheatstone bridge, the resistance of'portions of the load circuitconstituting one arm of the bridge, and mearis whereby the bridgecontrols the conof means responsive to the nection of the convertingdevice to the circuits.

5. In an electrical system, the combination with an. alternating-currerwmain circuit, a direct-current load circuit and a converting device, ofa VVheatstone bridge, the resistance of the load circuit constitutingone arm of the bridge, and means dependent upon the chan e in balance ofthe bridge for control ng the connection of the converting device to thecircuits.

6. In an electrical system, the combination with an alternating-currentsupply cir cuit, a direct-current trollev circuitand a rotary.converter, of means dependent upon the resistance of the direct-currentcircuit for controlling the operation of the rotary converter.

7. In an electrical system, the combination with an alternating-currentsupply ircuit, a direct-current trolley circuit and a rotary converter,of means dependent upon the change in impedance across a portion of thetrolley circuit for controlling the operation of the rotary converter.

8. In a railway system, the combination with an alternating-currentsource ofenergy, a direct-current trolley circuit,; a plurality ofconverting devices and megns for connecting the converting devicesbetween the source of energy and the trolley circuit, of means forsubdividing the trolley circuit into a plurality of sections to beenergized by predetermined converting devices and means co-operatingwith the subdividing means for controlling the connection ofredetermined converting devices between tiie source and the trolleycircuit.

9. In an electrical system, the combination with a source of energy anda continuous trolley "circuit, of means'for superimposing an alternatingelectromotive force thereon, means responsive to'the change in impedancein the trolley circuit to the alternating electromot-ive force forcontrolling the source of energy. e

10. In an electrical systern the combination with a source of energy anda trolley circuit, of a Wheatstone bridge device, one arm of which isthe;impedance in portions of the trolley circu' and means actuated bythe balancing of t abridge for controlling the source of energy.

11.;;In a railway system, the combination witlfanalternating-currentsource'of energyg'a direct-current trolley circuit, a plura it ofconverting devices and means for connecting the converting devicesbetween the source of energy and the trolley circult, of means 'forsubdividing the trolley circuit into a plurality of sections to beenergized by predetermined converting devices and means co-operatingwith the trolley-circuitsubdividing means for perniittin the connectionof an associated converting device 130 to the correspondingtrolley-circuit section, while a vehicle iswithin theseetion zone"limited by the-circuit subdividing means, and for effecting thedisconnection of the I converting device after the vehicle passes for,of means for out ,of .the zone to a point beyond either of thesubdividing means.

12. The combination with a direct-elm rent load circuit and a'supplycircuit theresuperimposing an alternating electromotive force on theload circuit and .for controlling the supply of energy from the. supplycircuit to the load circuit in accordance with predetermined !8conditions in the load circuit as indicated ofmeans for superimposin forcontrolling the suppliy by a current caused to traverse the loadcircuit. 13. The combination with a direct-current load circuit and asupply circuit therefor,

an alternatin electroniotive force on the cad circuit an for controllingthe supply of energy from the supply circuit to the load circuit inaccordane with the variation of the impedance of the' load circuit.

load circuit and a supply circuit therefor, of

nating electromotive a means for superimposing an alternatinelectromotive force'on the load circuit and responsive to the impedanceof the load circuit to the superimposed electromotive force forcontrolling the transfer of energy between the two circuits.

'16. The combination with a direct-current loadacircuit a supply circuittherefor, of meansffor superimposing an alternating electromotive force.on the load circuit and means responsive to the impedance of the loadcircuit for controlling the supply of energy to the load circuit.

17. 'The combination with a direct-current load circuit and a supplycircuit therefor, of means for superimposing an alter-' force on theload circuit, means responsive to the impedanceof the load circuit andineans controlled'thereby for controlling the supply of energy to theload circuit.

18. The method of controllingthe (20211100 tion of a converting devicebetween an alternating source of ener and a direct-current trolleycircuit w en a vehicle enters azone served by a predetermined section ofthe trolle circuit, which consists insub dividing'die trolley circuitinto sections by means of a lurality of reactors and then oontrolling te connection of a converting device to an associated section inaccoruance with the variation in the value of the impedance of a sectioncaused by the entrance of a vehicle into, and the exit of the vehicle"out of, the said section.

19. The method of controlling'the conned tion of a convertingdev'icebetwecn an alter nating source of energy and a direct-cur--- Itrolley circuit when a vehicle enters a 7.5 consists-in suhdi- I circuitinto sections by reactors and their controlling t ie connection ofaconvqrtin qzone served by a .prede'bcrlnined'section-of the trolleycircuit, which viding the trolley means of a lurality of device to an'ass'ociatedsection in accordance I thevalue of the imcircuit by the-errP l with the variation in pedance of the trolley trance of a vehicleinto the said Section.-

20. The combination with'a load circuit and a supply circuit therefor,of means for" superimposing an alternating electromotlve="- force on theload circuit and normally insperative ineans rendered niined value foenergy to the load circuit.

21. The combination with a load circuit-'- having an electromotive forceof one periooperativewhen ieimpedance ofl'tliy cirefiit attainsapredeter controlling the supply of (licity and a supply circuit havingan electromotive force of another periodicit ot means for superimposing"on the loa -ci'r-' cuit an electromot-ive force having a perio dic't'yother than thatof the load circuit to the -impedance of an meansresponsive su rim sed electro the load circuit to the motive force forcontrol ing' e supply .of

endrgy to the load circuit. 4

Q2. The combination with a load circuith traversed by current of oneperiodicity and a supply circuittherefor, of means for i'mpressing anclectromotive force upon' theload circuit havin that of the loadcircuit'and for controlling a periodicity other than the load circuitimaccordance with the impedance thereof to the .superimposedelectromotive force. Y

23. The combination .with a load circuit traverd by current of oneperiodicity and a supply circuit therefor, of means for'impressing anelectromotive force 'upon the load circuit that of the load circuit andmeans responsive having a periodicity other tilB-IL to the impedance ofthe load circuit to 'thesuperimposed electroinotive force forcontrolling the energy translated between the supply and the loadcircuit.

- '24. In an electrical system of distribution,

the. combination with a load circuit and a source of energy therefor,oan auxiliary source, means for impressing a. potential therefrom uponthe load circuit and means. responsive to the impedance of the loadcircuit including the connected loadforcone trol ing the connection ofthe load circuit to tl sourceof energy therefor;

In an electrical system of distribution in which a load circuit isconnected to a main source of electrical supply, the method ofcontrolling the load circuit which consists in impressing upon thecircuit a potential from an auxiliary source and thereby causin 'acurrent to flow through the circuit inc uding the connected, load whichvaries with the impedance of the load circuit and then controlling theconnection of the circuit to the main source in response to the efiectproduced 1) the current.

26. In an electrics system of distribw tion, the combination with a loadcircuit, a source of energy therefor and connecting means therebetween,of means for impressing potential upon theload circuit, means responsiveto an effect of the current caused to traverse the load circuitincluding the connected load by reason of said impressed potential, andmeans controlled thereby for controlling the actuation of the connectingmeans.

27. In an electrical system-of distribution, the combination with a loadcircuit, a source of energy therefor and connecting means there-between,of :means for impressing potential upon the load circuit while theconnecting means is ineffective, to cause current to traverse thecircuit including the connected load which shall vary with the impedanceof the load circuit, and means operative in response to said current forcontrolling the actuation of the connecting -means.

28. The combination with a load circuit, a supply circuit therefor andconnecting means therebetween, of means for superimposing an alternatingelectromotive force upon the load circuit and for controlling the supplyof energy thereto from the supply circuit in accordance with apredetermined value of impedance in the load circuit including theconnected load. A

29. The combinationwith a load circuit, a supplycircuit therefor andconnecting means therebetween, of means for superimposing an alternatingelectromotive force upon the load circuit and for o crating the connectmcuit to t e'sup 1y circuit when the impedance of the oad circuitincliiding the connected load attains a predetermined value.

30. In an electrical system of distribution, a plurality of stations,energy-translating apparatus disposed at said stations,powertransmission circuit conductors between said stations, means'forconnecting the translating apparatus to the power-transmissionconductors to permit the apparatus to transmit energy thereto,-means forimpressing u on the, transmission circuit conductors an e ectpiintiveforce having characteristics differing rom the characteristics of themeans to connect tie load cir-' a pluralityof auxiliary or sub-stationsat which energy translating apparatus are disposed, a common powertransmission circuit to which the respective apparatus are to supplyenergy, means for connecting the respective apparatus to the powertransmission circuit, means for'impressing upon the common circuit anelectromotive force having characteristics differing from thecharacteristics of the normal operating potential of the power circuit,and. means associated with the respective translating apparatus andresponsive to an effect of the impressed electromotive force forselectively controlling the translation ,of energy from the'associatedapparatus to the power circuit.

In an electrical system of distribution, a plurality of' auxiliary orsub-station's at which energy translating apparatus are disposed, acommon power transmission circuit to which the respective apparatus areto supply energy, means for connecting the respective apparatus to thepower transmisslon circuit, means for impressing upon the common circuitan electromotive force having characteristics differing from thecharacteristics of the normal operating potential of the power circuit,a source of energy for the respectiveapparatus, and means respon- 'siveto an efiect of the impressed electromotive force for selectivelycontroll' translation of energy from an associa 'apparatus to the powercircuit bycontrolling the energy su plied to the apparatus.

33. In an e ectrical system of distribution, a plurality of auxiliary orsub-stations: at which energy translating apparatus are disposed, acommon power transmission circuit to which the respective apparatus areto supply energy, means forconnecting the the respective apparatus tothe powerftfransmission circuit, means for impressingnpon the commoncircuitan electromotive force hav ing characteristics differing from thecharacteristics of the normal operating potential of the power circuit,and means associated with the respective translating apparatusselectively responsive tothe efi'ects of pressed electromotive force forcontrolling thetranslation of energy to the powercircuit from theassociated apparatus.

34. In an electrical system of distribution,

a plurality of auxiliary or sub-stations at which energy translatingapparatus are disposed, a common power transmission cir-' cuit to whichthe respective apparatus are to supply energy, means for connecting therespective apparatus to the power transmis- .sion circuit, means forimpressing upon the power circuit an electromotive force and meansassociated with the respective translating apparatus and selectivelyresponsive to an effect of the impressed electromotive force forcontrolling the translation of energy to the power circuit from theassociated apparatus.

35. In an electrical system of distribution, a plurality of auxiliary orsub-stations at which energy translating apparatus are disposed, acommon power transmission circuit to which the respective apparatus areto supply energy, means for connecting the respective apparatus to thepower transmission circuit, means for impressing upon the common circuitan electromotive force having characteristics differing from thecharacteristics of the normal operating potential of the power circuit,means for connecting the apparatus to the power circuit, a source ofenergy for each translating apparatus, means for controlling the suppl.of energy to the associated apparatus and means re- I sponsive to aneflect of the impressed electromotive force for controlling the supplyof energy to-the translating apparatus.

36. An automatically reclosing circuitcontrol ing device comprisingmeans for controlling the interchange of energy in an electrical systemand means comprising a Wheatstone bridge connected to the system forcontrolling said controlling means.

37. An automatically actuable circuit-controlling device comprisingmeans for permitting the transfer of energy from one portion of a systemto another portion thereof and means for controlling the transferringmeans comprising a Wheatstone bridge,

one arm of which includes one portion of the system.

38. An automatically actuable circuit-controlling device comprisingmeans for transferring energy from one portion of a system to anotherportion thereof, means whereby one portion of the system is connected toa network of resistors to constitute a Wheatstone bridge and meansresponsive to a predetermined balance therein for controlling thetransferring means.

39. An automatically reclosing circuitcontrollin device comprising anoperating coil, an e ectric power system, a switch in said systemcontrolled by said operating coil, a plurality of resistors composedinto a network connected to the power s stem for producing a pluralityof potentiai gradients and means responsive to the potential differencebetween predetermined points of the network for controlling the enerization of the operating coil to control t e operation of the switch.

40. An automatically reclosing circuitcontrolling device comprising anoperating coil, an electric power system, a switch in said systemcontrolled by said operatin coil, and a plurality of resistors composedinto a network connected to the wer system for producing a pluralit 0potential gradients, the operating coi being energized to control theoperation of the switch when a predetermined potential differenceobtains between predetermined points of the network.

41. An automatically reclosing circuitcontrolling device comprising anoperating coil,- an electric power system, a switch in said systemcontrolled by said operating coil, a plurality of a network connectedconstitute a plurality of circuits-and means for energizing theoperating coilto control the operation of the switch when apredetermined potential difference obtains between predetermined pointsof the network.

In testimony whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names this 26thday of June,

1918. ()HARLES McL. MOSS. ROY J. WENSLEY.

resistors composed into to the power system to

